M. Joan Alexander Sr. Research Scientist

Publications - Research - Field Campaigns - Vitae - Miscellaneous - Contact

Publications:

• Ortland, D. A. and M. J. Alexander, 2013: The residual circulation in the tropical tropopause layer driven by tropical waves, submitted to J. Atmos. Sci. in March. [PDF preprint]
• Kim, J.-E. and M. J. Alexander, 2013: Tropical precipitation variability and convectively coupled equatorial waves on submonthly time-scales in reanalyses and TRMM, J. Climate, 26 (no. 10), 3013-3030. [PDF preprint]
• Hoffmann, L., X. Xue, and M. J. Alexander, 2013: A global view of stratospheric gravity wave hotspots located with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1-19, doi:10.1029/2012JD018658.[PDF preprint]
• Yue, J., L. Hoffmann, and M. J. Alexander, 2013: Simultaneous observations of convective gravity waves from a ground-based airglow imager and the AIRS satellite experiment, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50341.
• Geller, M. A., M. J. Alexander, P. T. Love, J. Bacmeister, M. Ern, A. Hertzog, E. Manzini, P. Preusse, K. Sato, A. A. Scaife, and T. Zhou, 2012: A comparison between gravity wave momentum fluxes in observations and climate models, J. Climate, (in press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1
• Hertzog, A., M. J. Alexander, and R. Plougonven, 2012: On the intermittency of gravity wave momentum flux in the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3433-3448, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-12-09.1.
• France, J. A., V. L. Harvey, M. J. Alexander, and C. E. Randall, and J. C. Gille, 2012: HIRDLS observations of the gravity wave-driven elevated stratopause in 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D20, doi:10.1029/2012JD017958.
• Evan, S., M. J. Alexander, and J. Dudhia, 2012: WRF simulations of convectively-generated gravity waves in opposite QBO phases. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D12117, doi:10.1029/2011JD017302.
• Evan, S., M. J. Alexander, and J. Dudhia, 2012: Model study of intermediate-scale tropical inertia-gravity waves and comparison to TWP-ICE campaign observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 591-610, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-051.1.
• Alexander, M. J., and H. Teitelbaum, 2011: Three-dimensional properties of Andes mountain waves observed by satellite: A case study. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D23110, doi:10.1029/2011JD016151. [PDF Reprint]
• Ryu, J.-H., M. J. Alexander, and D. A. Ortland, 2011: Equatorial waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere forced by latent heating estimated from TRMM rainrates, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2321-2342, doi: 10.1175/2011JAS3647.1.
• Ortland, D. A., M. J. Alexander, and A. W. Grimsdell, 2011: On the wave spectrum generated by tropical heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2042-2060.
• Ortland, D. A. and M. J. Alexander, 2011: Solutions to the vertical structure equation for simple models of the tropical troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2061-2072.
• Limpasuvan, V., M. J. Alexander, Y. J. Orsolini, D. L. Wu, M. Xue, J. H. Richter, and C. Yamashita, 2011: Mesoscale simulations of gravity waves during the 2008-2009 major stratospheric sudden warming. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17104, doi:10.1029/2010JD015190.
• Hamilton, K. P., M. J. Alexander, and K. Sato, 2011: Gravity Wave Effects on Circulation. Eos Trans. AGU, 92, 30, doi:10.1029/2011EO300004.
• Alexander, M. J., M. Geller, C. McLandress, S. Polavarapu, P. Preusse, F. Sassi, K. Sato, S. Eckermann, M. Ern, A. Hertzog, Y. Kawatani, M. Pulido, T. Shaw, M. Sigmond, R. Vincent, S. Watanabe, 2010: Recent developments in gravity wave effects in climate models, and the global distribution of gravity wave momentum flux from observations and models, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1103-1124. [PDF Reprint]
• Alexander, M. J., 2010: Chapter 5. Gravity Waves in the Stratosphere, in "The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Chemistry, and Transport", L. M. Polvani, A. Sobel, and D. W. Waugh eds., Geophys. Monogr. Ser. doi:10.1029/2009GM000887. [PDF Preprint]
• Alexander, M. J. and D. A. Ortland, 2010: Equatorial waves in High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24111, doi:10.1029/2010JD014782. [PDF Reprint]
• Hoffmann, L. and M. J. Alexander, 2010: Occurrence frequency of convective waves during the North American thunderstorm season. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20111, doi:10.1029/2010JD014401.
• Wang, L. and M. J. Alexander, 2010: Global Estimates of gravity wave parameters from GPS radio occultation temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21122, doi:10.1029/2010JD013860.
• Grimsdell, A. W., M. J. Alexander, P. T. May, and L. Hoffmann, 2010: Model study of waves generated by convection with direct validation via satellite, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1617-1631. [PDF Preprint]
• Alexander, M. J., S. D. Eckermann, D. Broutman, and J. Ma, 2009: Momentum flux estimates for South Georgia Island mountain waves in the stratosphere observed via satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12816, doi:10.1029/2009GL038587. [PDF Reprint]
• Eckermann, S. D., L. Hoffmann, M. Hopfner, D. L. Wu, and M. J. Alexander, 2009: Antarctic NAT PSC belt of June 2003: Observational validation of the mountain wave seeding hypothesis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02807, doi:10.1029/2008GL036629.
• Hoffmann, L. and M. J. Alexander, 2009: Retrieval of Stratospheric Temperatures from AIRS Radiance Measurements for Gravity Wave Studies, J. Geophys. Res.,114, D07105, doi:10.1029/2008JD011241. [PDF Preprint]
• Wang, L. and M. J. Alexander, 2009: Gravity Wave Activity during Stratospheric Sudden Warmings in the 2007/08 Northern Hemisphere Winter, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18108, doi:10.1029/2009JD011867. [PDF Preprint]
• Hecht,J. H., M. J. Alexander, R. L. Walterscheid, L. J. Gelinas, R. A. Vincent, A. D. MacKinnon, J. M. Woithe, P. T. May, W. R. Skinner, M. G. Mylnczak, and J. M. Russell III, 2009: Imaging of atmospheric gravity waves in the stratosphere and upper mesosphere using satellite and ground-based observations over Australia during hte TWPICE campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18123, doi:10.1029/2008JD011259. [PDF Preprint]
• Alexander, M. J., J. Gille, C. Cavanaugh, M. Coffey, C. Craig, V. Dean, T. Eden, G. Francis, C. Halvorson, J. Hannigan, R. Khosravi, D. Kinneson, H. Lee, S. Massie, B. Nardi, A. Lambert, 2008: Global Estimates of Gravity Wave Momentum Flux from High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S18, doi:10.1029/2007JD008807. [PDF Reprint]
• Alexander, M. J., H. Teitelbaum, S. Eckermann, J. Gille, J. Barnett, and C. Barnet, 2008: High-Resolution Satellite Observations of Mountain Waves, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89, 2, 151-152. [PDF]
• Evan, S. and M. J. Alexander, 2008: Intermediate-scale Tropical Inertia Gravity Waves observed during TWP-ICE campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14104, doi:10.1029/2007JD009289. [PDF Reprint]
• Kuester, M. A., M. J. Alexander, and E.A. Ray, 2008: A model study of gravity waves over Hurricane Humberto (2001), J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3231-3246. [PDF Reprint]
• Jensen, E. J., L. Pfister, T.V. Bui, P. Lawson, B. Baker, Q. Mo, D. Baumgardner, E.M. Weinstock, J.B. Smith, E.J. Moyer, T.F. Hanisco, D.S. Sayres, J.M. St. Clair, M.J. Alexander, O.B. Toon, and J.A. Smith, 2008: Formation of large (100 micron) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1621-1633.
• D. E. Kinnison, J. Gille, J. Barnett, C. Randall, L. Harvey, A. Lambert, R. Khosravi, M. J. Alexander, P. F. Bernath, C. D. Boone, C. Cavanaugh, M. Coffey, C. Craig, V. C. Dean, T. Eden, D. Ellis, D. W. Fahey, G. Francis, C. Halvorson, J. Hannigan, C. Hartsough, C. Hepplewhite, C. Krinsky, H. Lee, B. Mankin, T. P. Marcy, S. Massie, B. Nardi, D. Packman, P. J. Popp, M. L. Santee, and K. A. Walker, 2008: Global Observations of HNO3 from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): First results, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16S44, doi:10.1029/2007JD008814.
• Alexander, M. J. and H. Teitelbaum, 2007: Observation and analysis of a large amplitude mountain wave event over the Antarctic Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21103, doi:10.1029/2006JD008368. [PDF Reprint]
• Alexander, M. J., and C. Barnet, 2007: Using satellite observations to constrain parameterizations of gravity wave effects for global models, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1652-1665. [PDF Reprint]
• Limpasuvan, V., D.L. Wu, M.J. Alexander, M. Xue, M. Hu, S. Pawson, J.R. Perkins, 2007: Stratospheric gravity wave simulations over Greenland during 24 January 2005. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10115, doi:10.1029/2006JD007823.
• Alexander, M. J., J. H. Richter, and B. R. Sutherland, 2006: Generation and trapping of gravity waves from convection with comparison to parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2963-2977. [PDF Reprint]
• Wang, L., M. J. Alexander, P. T. Bui, and M. J. Mahoney, 2006: Small-scale gravity waves in ER-2 MMS/MTP wind and temperature measurements during CRYSTAL-FACE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1091-1104. [PDF Reprint]
• Ortland, D. A. and M. J. Alexander, 2006: Gravity wave influence on the global structure of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S10, doi:10.1029/2005JA011467.[PDF Preprint]
• Wang, L., M.A. Geller, and M.J. Alexander, 2005: Spatial and temporal variations of gravity wave parameters. Part I: Intrinsic frequency, wavelength, and vertical propagation direction, J. Atmos. Sci., 62 (1), 125-142. [PDF preprint]
• Alexander, M.J., and P.T. May, J.H. Beres, 2004: Gravity waves generated by convection in the Darwin Area during DAWEX, J. Geophys. Res. (DAWEX special issue), 109, D20S04, doi:10.1029/2004JD004729. [PDF reprint]
• Tsuda, T., M. V. Ratnam, P. T. May, M. J. Alexander, R. A. Vincent, and A. MacKinnon, 2004: Characteristics of gravity waves with short vertical wavelengths observed with radiosonde and GPS occultation during DAWEX (Darwin Area Wave Experiment), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20S03, doi:10.1029/2004JD004946.[PDF reprint]
• Vincent, R. A., A. MacKinnon, I. M. Reid, and M. J. Alexander, 2004: VHF profiler observations of winds and waves in the troposphere during the Darwin Area Wave Experiment (DAWEX), J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20S02, doi:10.1029/2004JD004714.[PDF reprint]
• Alexander, M.J., and J.R. Holton, 2004: On the spectrum of vertically propagating gravity waves generated by a transient heat source, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 923-932. [PDF reprint]
• Beres, J.H., M.J. Alexander, and J.R. Holton, 2004: A method of specifying the gravity wave spectrum above convection based on latent heating properties and background wind, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 324-337.[PDF]
• Ern, M., P. Preusse, M. J. Alexander, and C. D. Warner, 2004: Absolute values of gravity wave momentum flux derived from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20103, doi:10.1029/2004JD004752.[PDF reprint]
• Alexander, M.J., and K.H. Rosenlof, 2003: Gravity wave forcing in the stratosphere: Observational constraints from UARS and implications for parameterization in global models, J. Geophys. Res., 108, D19, 4597, doi:10.1029/2003JD003373. [PDF]
• Alexander, M.J., 2003: Parameterization of Physical Processses: Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes. In: Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Sciences, Ed. J. Holton, J. Curry, and J. Pyle, London, Academic/Elsevier, 1699-1705.
• Siskind, D.E., S. Eckerman, J. McCormack, M.J. Alexander, and J. Bacmeister, 2003: Hemispheric differences in the temperature of the summertime stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108, No.D2, 4051, doi:10.1029/2002JD002095.
• Fritts, D.C. and Alexander, M. J., 2003: Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., vol.41, No.1, doi:10.1029/2001RG000106. [PDF] and Corrigendum [PDF]
• Vadas, S.L., D.C. Fritts, and M.J. Alexander, 2003: Mechanism for the generation of secondary waves in wave breaking regions, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 194-214.
• Alexander, M. J., T. Tsuda, and R. A. Vincent, 2002: On the latitudinal variations observed in gravity waves with short vertical wavelengths, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1394-1404. [PDF]
• Beres, J.H., M.J. Alexander, and J.R. Holton, 2002: Effects of tropospheric wind shear on the spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1805-1824. [PDF]
• Holton, J. R., M. J. Alexander and M. T. Boehm, 2001: Evidence for short vertical wavelength Kelvin waves in the DOE-ARM Nauru99 radiosonde data. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,125-20,129.
• Baldwin, M. P., L. J. Gray, T. J. Dunkerton, K. Hamilton, P. H. Haynes, W. J. Randel, J. R. Holton, M . J. Alexander, I. Hirota, T. Horinouchi, D. B. A. Jones, J. S. Kinnersley, C. Marquardt, K. Sato and M. Takahashi, 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229.
• Alexander, M. J. and R. A. Vincent, 2000: Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: A model study of seasonal and interannual variability. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,983-17,993.[PDF]
• Vincent, R.A., and M.J. Alexander, 2000: Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and interannual variability. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,971-17,982.
• Alexander, M. J., J. H. Beres and L. Pfister, 2000: Tropical stratospheric gravity wave activity and relationship to clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22,299-22,309.[PDF]
• Holton, J. R. and M. J. Alexander, 2000: The role of waves in the transport circulation of the middle atmosphere. AGU Monograph: Science Across the Stratopause, Edited by D. Siskind, S. Eckermann and M. Summers, pp. 21-35, American Geophysical Union.
• Piani, C., D. Durran, M. J. Alexander and J. R. Holton, 2000: A numerical study of three-dimensional gravity waves triggered by deep tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3689-3702.
• McLandress, C., M. J. Alexander, and D. L. Wu, 2000: Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of gravity waves in the stratosphere: A climatology and interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,947-11,967.
• Swenson, G. R., M. J. Alexander and R. Haque, 2000: Dispersion imosed limits on atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere: Observations from OH airglow. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 875-878.
• Holton, J. R. and M. J. Alexander, 1999: Gravity waves in the mesosphere generated by tropospheric convection. Tellus, 51A-B, 45-58.
• Pandya, R. E. and M. J. Alexander, 1999: Linear stratospheric gravity waves above convective thermal forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2434-2446.
• Ray, E. A., M. J. Alexander and J. R. Holton, 1998: An analysis of the structure and forcing of the equatorial semiannual oscillation in zonal wind. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1759-1774.
• Alexander, M. J. and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: A spectral parameterization of mean-flow forcing due to breaking gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4167-4182.[PDF]
• Alexander, M. J., 1998: Interpretations of observed climatological patterns in stratospheric gravity wave variance. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8627-8640.[PDF]
• Alexander, M. J., 1997: A model study of nonstationary gravity waves in the stratosphere and comparison to observations. In Gravity Wave Processes and Their Parameterization in General Circulation Model s, ed. K. Hamilton. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 153-168.
• Alexander, M. J. and J. R. Holton, 1997: A model study of zonal forcing in the equatorial stratosphere by convectively induced gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 408-419.[PDF]
• Bougher, S.W., M.J. Alexander, H.G. Mayr. 1997. Upper Atmosphere Dynamics: Global Circulation and Gravity Waves. In: Venus II: Geology, Geophysics, and Atmosphere, and Solar Wind Environment S.W. Bougher, D.M. Hunten, and R.J. Phillips (Eds.), Univ. of Arizona Press, Tuscon, 259-292.
• Zhang, S., S. Bougher, and M.J. Alexander. 1996. The Impact of Gravity Waves on the Venus Thermosphere and O2 IR Nightglow. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,195-23,205.
• Alexander, M. J., 1996: A simulated spectrum of convectively generated gravity waves: Propagation from the tropopause to the mesopause and effects on the milile atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1571-1588.[PDF]
• Alexander, M. J. and K. H. Rosenlof, 1996: Nonstationary gravity wave forcing of the stratospheric zonal mean wind. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,465-23,474.
• Alexander, M. J. and L. Pfister, 1995: Gravity wave momentum flux in the lower stratosphere over convection. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2029-2032.
• Alexander, M. J., J.R. Holton, and D.R. Durran. 1995. The Gravity Wave Response Above Deep Convection in a Squall Line Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2212-2226. [PDF]
• Alexander, M. J., A. I. F. Stewart and S. C. Solomon, 1993: Local time asymmetries in the Venus thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,849-10,871.
• Alexander, M. J., 1992: A mechanism for the Venus thermospheric superrotation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2207-2210.
• Alexander, M.J. 1992. The Venus 130-nm Dayglow as a Diagnostic of Thermospheric Structure and Dynamics. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder.
• Stewart, A. I. F., M. J. Alexander, R. R. Meier, L. J. Paxton, S. W. Bougher and C. G. Fesen, 1992: Atomic oxygen in the Martian thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 91-102.